Goodwin & Company was the smallest of the five major cigarette manufacturers that merged to form The American Tobacco Company. Old Judge, Gypsy Queen, and Dogs Head were the most popular brands that Goodwin made. These old time cigarettes are best remembered for their quaint brandnames, and the baseball insert cards that promoted them. Goodwin mass produced these cigarettes on the Emery cigarette making machine, a rival to the better known Bonsack machine. The factory (Fact. 40, 3rd Dist. NY) was located at the foot of Grand Street, E.R. (East River) in New York City. James Duke closed the small plant shortly after the 1890 merger, shifting production of the Goodwin brands to the Allen & Ginter factory in Richmond. The tobacco used to make Old Judge Cigarettes was wrapped in a special rice paper that had been processed to neutralized "the injurious effects of the Oil of Creosote." This patented procedure was invented by Charles G. Emery in 1878, and advertising stressed that only the Old Judge cigarette had exclusive rights to use it. Charles Emery was a pioneer tobacco tycoon, and the wealth he amassed allowed him to own Calumet Island located in the St. Lawrence River, as well as Calumet Castle which he had built there, and the yachts Calumet and Alice R. Calumet Cigarettes, however, were made by the S. Anargyros company.